Index of Curated Formulas
The following formulas are used either directly or as part of composite
calculations in the book - Business by Numbers
1 Basic Ratios – (Example) Return on Investment %
2 Derived Formulas – (Example) CLV / CAC
3 Predictive Analytics – (Example) Sales Demand
4 Using Constants & Coefficients - Adjusted GP Margin (Example)
5 Using Constants & Coefficients - Industry Adjustments (Example)
6 Data Quality - Mean Absolute Error (MAE & MAPE)
7 Data Quality Mean Absolute Error (Example)
8 Data Quality - Root Mean Squared % Error
9 Data Quality - R^2 Error Measurement
10 Data Quality - F1 Error Score Measurement
11 Data Quality - F1 Error Score (Example)
12 Market Demand – The Base Demand Function
13 Market Demand - Income Influence demand (I)
14 Market Demand - Alternative Estimation Method
15 Market Demand - Consumer Preference (T)
16 Market Demand ‑ Sentiment Analysis (T)
17 Market Demand ‑ Market Interest (T) using Google Score
18 Market Demand ‑ Purchase Intent (T) Marketing Funnel data
19 Market Demand ‑ Purchase Intent (T) using Ad response
20 Market Demand ‑ Consumer Expectation of Price (E)
21 Market Demand ‑ Example of Price Expectation to rise (E)
22 Market Demand ‑ Example of Price Expectation to fall (E)
23 Market Demand ‑ Number of Buyers (N)
24 Market Demand ‑ Cross Elasticity of Demand (XED) function
25 Market Demand ‑ Cross Demand Elasticity for Complementary product
26 Market Demand ‑ Calculation of the coefficient for XED
27 Market Demand ‑ Demand Function (Air Purifiers)
28 Market Demand ‑ Data for Forecasting Air Purifiers
29 Market Demand ‑ Demand Forecast Result (Purifiers)
30 Market Demand ‑ Demand Forecast HPLC Columns
31 Market Demand ‑ Substituting the values (HPLC Columns)
32 Market Demand ‑ Final Demand Calculation (HPLC Columns)
33 Market Demand - Demand Forecast Accuracy (MAPE)
34 Market Demand - Measuring Market Size
35 Market Demand - Total Addressable Market
36 Market Demand -TAM Alternative Method
37 Market Demand - Market Growth
38 Market Demand - Herfindahl - Hirschman
39 Market Demand - Segment Market Share
40 Market Demand - Market Share from Value Proposition
41 Market Demand - Market Diffusion (Adoption Rate)
42 Capital Availability ‑The Capital Availability Index
43 Capital Availability ‑ Capital Intensity Ratio
44 Capital Availability ‑ Asset Structure Ratio
45 Capital Availability ‑ CapEx Ratio for CAI calculation
46 Capital Availability ‑ Working Capital Ratio (CAI)
47 Capital Availability ‑ Working Capital Intensity (CAI)
48 Capital Availability ‑Timing Score - Urgency CAI
49 Capital Availability ‑ Current Ratio
50 Capital Availability ‑ Quick Ratio
51 Capital Availability ‑ Operating Cash Flow for CAI
52 Capital Availability ‑ ROIC Ratio
53 Capital Availability ‑ EVA for CAI calculation
54 Capital Availability ‑ Debt to Equity (CAI Calculation)
55 Capital Availability -Market Access Score
56 Capital Availability ‑ Market Access Score (Example)
57 Capital Availability ‑ Economic Stability Score
58 Capital Availability ‑ Normalized Score for Business Modelling
59 Capital Availability ‑ Stability Score Example 1
60 Capital Availability ‑ Normalized Stability Score Example 1
61 Capital Availability ‑ Stability Score Example 2
62 Capital Availability ‑ Stability Example Normalized
63 Capital Availability ‑ Quantitative Sentiment Analysis (CAI)
64 Capital Availability ‑ Valuation Confidence Score CAI
65 Capital Availability ‑ Sentiment Score (Composite Model)
66 Capital Availability ‑ Investor Sentiment Score Example 1
67 Capital Availability ‑ Investor Sentiment Example 2
68 Capital Availability - The CA Index
69 Capital Availability ‑ CAI Adjustment Factor (Examples)
70 Capital Availability - (Index Example)
71 Management Effectiveness ‑ Accountability Score
72 Management Effectiveness ‑ Board & C-Suite Performance
73 Management Effectiveness ‑ Founder Dynamics Score
74 Management Effectiveness ‑ Leadership Effectiveness Score
75 Management Effectiveness - Leadership Score
76 Management Effectiveness ‑ Employee Engagement Score
77 Management Effectiveness - Employee Engagement
78 Management Effectiveness ‑ Decision Quality Score
79 Management Effectiveness - Decision Accuracy
80 Management Effectiveness‑ Organisational Performance Score
81 Management Effectiveness ‑ Leadership Perception Index
82 Management Effectiveness - Leadership Perception
83 Management Effectiveness - Stakeholder confidence
84 Management Effectiveness - Output Achieved
85 Management Effectiveness - Output Achieved (Example)
86 Management Effectiveness - ROCE for Leadership
87 Management Effectiveness ‑ Workforce Planning Efficiency
88 Management Effectiveness - Workforce Demand
89 Management Effectiveness ‑ Team Productivity Index (TPI)
90 Management Effectiveness ‑ TPI Example
91 Management Effectiveness ‑ Training Engagement Index (TEI)
92 Management Effectiveness ‑ Return on Training (ROTI Model)
93 Management Effectiveness ‑ Training Investment Simplified Model
94 Management Effectiveness ‑ ETIS Example
95 Management Effectiveness ‑ Employee Retention Rate (ERR)
96 Management Effectiveness‑ Logistic Regression Model ETRI
97 Management Effectiveness - Workflow Productivity
98 Management Effectiveness ‑ Workflow Productivity (Per Employee)
99 Management Effectiveness - Workforce Productivity
100 Management Effectiveness ‑ Workflow Productivity (Example)
101 Management Effectiveness ‑ Employee Productivity
102 Management Effectiveness ‑ Revenue Employee Productivity
103 Management Effectiveness - Weighted Productivity Model
104 Management Effectiveness ‑ Leadership Innovation
105 Management Effectiveness - Leadership Innovation Index (LII)
106 Management Effectiveness ‑ Employee Innovation Index
107 Management Effectiveness - Employee Innovation (Example)
108 Management Effectiveness - Organisational Health Score
109 Management Effectiveness - On-Time Delivery Rate
110 Management Effectiveness ‑ Plan Execution Rate
111 Management Effectiveness ‑ PER (Example)
112 Management Effectiveness ‑ Process Adherence Index
113 Management Effectiveness ‑ Operational Error Rate
114 Management Effectiveness ‑ OER Score (Example)
115 Management Effectiveness ‑ Issue Resolution Efficiency
116 Management Effectiveness ‑ Resolution withing SLA
117 Management Effectiveness ‑ Continuous Improvement Rate
118 Management Effectiveness ‑ CIR (Example)
119 Management Effectiveness ‑ Operational Cost Adherence
120 Management Effectiveness ‑ Execution & Operational Discipline
121 Management Effectiveness ‑ Culture Health & Communication Score
122 Management Effectiveness ‑ Transparency Quotient
123 Management Effectiveness ‑ TQ (Example)
124 Management Effectiveness ‑ Feedback Loop Strength
125 Management Effectiveness ‑ FLS (Example)
126 Management Effectiveness ‑ Diversity Score
127 Management Effectiveness ‑ Internal Communications Quality
128 Management Effectiveness ‑ ICQ (Example)
129 Management Effectiveness ‑ Employee Voice Score EVS
130 Management Effectiveness ‑ Psychology Safety Score
131 Management Effectiveness ‑ PSS (Example)
132 Management Effectiveness ‑ Composite CHCS
133 Management Effectiveness ‑ Internal Controls
134 Management Effectiveness ‑ Audit & Regulatory Compliance
135 Management Effectiveness ‑ ARC (Example)
136 Management Effectiveness ‑ Crisis Management Capability
137 Management Effectiveness ‑ Crisis Management (Example)
138 Management Effectiveness ‑ Stakeholder Trust Index
139 Management Effectiveness ‑ Stakeholder Trust (Example)
140 Management Effectiveness ‑ ESG Alignment
141 Management Effectiveness ‑ EAS (Example)
142 Management Effectiveness ‑ Composite Score Governance
143 Management Effectiveness ‑ Composite Score (Example)
144 Business Model Viability - Average Revenue per Customer
145 Business Model Viability - Revenue Stream Variability
146 Business Model Viability - Revenue Stream Variability (RSV)
147 Business Model Viability - Revenue Growth Rate
148 Business Model Viability - Revenue by Customer Concentration
149 Business Model Viability - Revenue by Segment
150 Business Model Viability - Revenue Diversity Index
151 Business Model Viability - Revenue Stability Index
152 Business Model Viability - Revenue Stability over time
153 Business Model Viability - Recurring Revenue %
154 Business Model Viability - Cost Structure
155 Business Model Viability - Contribution Margin by Stream
156 Business Model Viability - GP Margin
157 Business Model Viability - Contribution / Unit
158 Business Model Viability - Cost Efficiency Ratio
159 Business Model Viability - Revenue Dependency
160 Business Model Viability - Optimal Price
161 Business Model Viability - Discount Impact Analysis
162 Business Model Viability - Pricing Power Ratio
163 Business Model Viability - Price - Volume Trade off
164 Business Model Viability - Price Elasticity of Demand
165 Business Model Viability - Profit Maximisation
166 Business Model Viability - Financial Engine Score
167 Business Model Viability - Average Satisfaction Score
168 Business Model Viability - Weighted Av Satisfaction Score
169 Business Model Viability - Customer Retention Rate
170 Business Model Viability - Net Promoter Score
171 Business Model Viability - Target Market Specificity
172 Business Model Viability - Simplified Viability Index
173 Marketing & Sales Efficacy ‑ Customer Problem / Fit Index
174 Marketing & Sales Efficacy ‑ UVP Clarity Score
175 Marketing Efficacy - Mkt Responsiveness Score
176 Marketing - Net Promoter Score
177 Marketing - Adjusted NPS
178 Marketing & Sales Efficacy ‑ Repeat Usage Rate
179 Marketing - Price to Value Perception
180 Marketing - Price to Value Perception (Normalized)
181 Marketing - Gross Margin as a Strategic Indicator
182 Marketing - Price Elasticity
183 Marketing - Price Elasticity - Score
184 Marketing - Willingness to Pay Index
185 Marketing -Discount Dependency (Pricing)
186 Marketing - Competitive Price Positioning
187 Marketing - Composite Pricing
188 Marketing ‑ Channel Reach Efficiency
189 Marketing - Channel Conversion Rate
190 Marketing & Sales Efficacy ‑ Cost per Acquisition by Channel
191 Marketing - Brand Alignment Score
192 Marketing -Channel Mix Diversification
193 Marketing & Sales Efficacy ‑ Fulfillment & Delivery Efficiency
194 Marketing - Composite Channel Effectiveness
195 Marketing - Message Clarity Score
196 Marketing - Emotional Resonance Score
197 Marketing - Campaign Conversion Rate
198 Marketing -Media ROI
199 Marketing - Brand Recall & Recognition
200 Marketing & Sales Efficacy ‑ Lead to Customer Conversion
201 Marketing & Sales Efficac y‑ repeat Purchase Renewal Rate
202 Marketing - Customer Acquisition Payback
203 Marketing & Sales Efficacy ‑ Marketing Attributed Revenue Share
204 Marketing & Sales Efficacy ‑ Funnel Conversion Efficiency
205 Marketing & Sales Efficacy ‑ LTV to CAC Ratio
206 Marketing - Composite PCI
207 Sales - Average Transaction Value
208 Sales - Sales Growth Rate
209 Sales - % Change in Sales Volume
210 Sales - % Average Change in Sales
211 Sales - Av Change in Sales Volume
212 Sales - Normalised % Change in Sales
213 Sales - Win Rate
214 Sales - Total Revenue vs Forecast
215 Sales - Cumulative Revenue over Time
216 Sales - Deviation from Quota (Z-Chart)
217 Marketing & Sales Efficacy ‑ Moving Average Sales Forecast
218 Marketing & Sales Efficacy‑ Weighted Moving Average Sales Forecast
219 Sales Forecasting - Bass Diffusion Model
220 Marketing Efficacy - Market Structure Impact Index
221 Operational Efficiency – Cost per Unit Production
222 Operational Efficiency - Expanded Cost per Unit
223 Innovation -Adoption Rate
224 Innovation - R & D Intensity
225 Innovation - Return on Innovation Investment
226 Innovation - Technology Maturity Index
227 Innovation - Time to Innovation
228 The Economic Environment ‑ GDP Growth
229 The Economic Environment ‑ GDP Growth (Example)
230 The Economic Environment ‑ Economic Growth Influence Score
231 The Economic Environment ‑ ARIMA Model for Inflation Forecasting
232 The Economic Environment ‑ Inflation Sensitivity Index
233 The Economic Environment‑ Employment Impact Factor
234 The Economic Environment ‑ Interest Rate Sensitivity
235 The Economic Environment ‑ Credit Spread
236 The Economic Environment ‑ Credit Spread (Example)
237 The Economic Environment - Consumer Confidence
238 The Economic Envirionment - Consumer Confidence from Surveys
239 The Economic Environment - Consumer Confidence Impact
240 The Economic Environment - Change in GDP
241 The Economic Environment - Growth Influence
242 The Economic Environment - Money Supply Growth
243 The Economic Environment‑ Interest Rate Volatility
244 The Economic Environment‑ Interest Rate Stability Score
245 The Economic Environment‑ Interest Rate Stability Example 1
246 The Economic Environment‑ Interest Rate High Volatility (Example)
247 The Economic Environment‑ Changes in Inflation Rate
248 The Economic Environment‑ Inflation Forecast (Regression Model)
249 The Economic Environment‑ Inflation ARIMA Simplified Model
250 The Economic Environment ‑ Inflation forecast in a stable economy
251 The Economic Environment‑ Inflation Sensitivity Index
252 The Economic Environment ‑ Inflation Volatility Rate
253 The Economic Environment‑ Inflation Stability Score
254 The Economic Environment ‑ Inflation Stability Example
255 The Economic Environment ‑ Employment Forecast Model
256 The Economic Environment ‑ Employment Levels (Okun's Law)
257 The Economic Environment ‑ Employment Impact Factor
258 The Economic Environment‑ Consumer Confidence Index (CCI)
259 The Economic Environment ‑ CCI calculated from Surveys
260 The Economic Environment ‑ CCI Example
261 The Economic Environment ‑ CCI Impact on Business
262 The Economic Environment ‑ Trade Policy Exposure
263 The Economic Environment ‑ Exchange Rate Exposure Risk
264 The Economic Environment‑ Exchange Rate Volatility Analysis
265 The Economic Environment ‑ Exchange Rate Volatility Example
266 The Economic Environment ‑ Exchange Rate High Volatility Example
267 Exchange Rates - Market Dependency Ratio
268 – Economic Resilience - Economic Resilience Score
269 Liquidity - Current Ratio
270 Liquidity - Current Ratio (Example)
271 Liquidity – The Quick Ratio
272 Quick Ratio (Example)
273 Liquidity - Working Capital Intensity
274 Liquidity – Working Capital
275 Liquidity - Working Capital Intensity (Example)
276 Liquidity - Cash Ratio
277 Liquidity - Cash Ratio (Example)
278 Liquidity - Retained Earnings
279 Liquidity - Retention Ratio
280 Liquidity - Accumulated Capital Growth
281 Liquidity - Reserve Funds Investment Ratio
282 Profitability - Gross Profit
283 Profitability - Gross Profit Margin
284 Profitability - GP Margin (Example)
285 Profitability - Operating Profit Margin
286 Profitability - Net Profit
287 Profitability - Net Profit Margin
288 Profitability - Cost Structure Efficiency
289 Profitability - Capital Expenditure Requirement
290 Profitability - R & D Investment
291 Profitability - Return on Equity
292 Profitability - Return on Equity
293 Profitability - Economic Value Added
294 Profitability - Growth Revenue (normalised)
295 Profitability Normalised Growth Rate (Example)
296 Capital Efficiency - Inventory Turnover
297 Capital Efficiency - Asset Turnover Ratio
298 Capital Efficiency - Capital Intensity Ratio
299 Capital Efficiency - Capital Intensity (Example)
300 Capital Efficiency - Asset Structure Ratio
301 Capital Efficiency Accounts Receivable Turnover Ratio
302 Capital Efficiency - Days Sales Outstanding (DSO)
303 Capital Efficiency - DSO (Example)
304 Capital Efficiency - Cash Conversion Cycle
305 Capital Efficiency - Day Sales Outstanding
306 Capital Efficiency - Days Inventory Outstanding (DIO)
307 Capital Efficiency - Days Payable Outstanding (DPO)
308 Capital Efficiency - Capital Utilization Rate (CUR)
309 Solvency & Leverage - Debt-to-Equity Ratio
310 Solvency & Leverage - Debt - Equity (Example)
311 Solvency & Leverage - Equity Ratio
312 Solvency & Leverage - Equity Ratio (Example)
313 Solvency & Leverage - Debt-to-Asset Ratio
314 Solvency & Leverage - Debt-to-Equity Ratio (Example)
315 Solvency & Leverage - Retained Equity
316 Solvency & Leverage - Interest Coverage Ratio
317 Solvency & Leverage - Interest Coverage (Example)
318 Solvency & Leverage - Degree of Operating Leverage
319 Solvency & Leverage - Alternate DOL
320 Solvency & Leverage - Degree of Financial Leverage
321 Solvency & Leverage - DFL Alternate
322 Solvency & Leverage - Degree of Total Leverage
323 Solvency & Leverage - DTL Alternate
324 Valuation - Price-to-Earnings Ratio
325 Valuation - Earnings per Share
326 Valuation EPS (Example)
327 Valuation (PE Ratio (Example)
328 Valuation - Price to Book Ratio
329 Valuation - Book Value per Share
330 Valuation BVPS (Example)
331 Valuation - P/B Ratio (Example)
332 Valuation - Earnings per Share
333 Valuation - Diluted EPS
334 Valuation - EPS (Example)
335 Valuation - Enterprise Value
336 Valuation - Market Capitalisation
337 Valuation - Enterprise Value (Example)
338 Shareholder Value - Return on Investment
339 Shareholder Value - ROI (Example)
340 Shareholder Value - Return on Assets
341 Shareholder Value - ROA (Example)
342 Shareholder Value - Return on Equity
343 Shareholder Value - ROE (Example)
344 Shareholder Value - Compound Annual Growth (CAGR)
345 Shareholder Value CAGR as a %
346 Shareholder Value CAGR (Example)
347 Shareholder Value -Break Even Point
348 Shareholder Value - Break Even Point Revenue
349 Shareholder Value - Contribution Margin Ratio
350 Shareholder Value - BEP (Units) (Example)
351 Shareholder Value - CMR (Example)
352 Shareholder Value - BEP Revenue (Example)
353 Shareholder Value - Dividend Yield
354 Shareholder Value - DY if Market Cap is known
355 Shareholder Value - Dividend Yield (Example)
356 Shareholder Value - Dividend Payout Ratio
357 Business Development - Competitive Rivalry Index
358 Business Development - CRI (Example)
359 Business Development - Threat of New Entrants
360 Business Development TNE (Example)
361 Business Development - Bargaining Power of Suppliers
362 Business Development -BPS (Example)
363 Business Development - Threat of Substitutes
364 Business Development - Porter Score
365 Business Development - PESTEL - Politics
366 Business Development - Government Support Ratio
367 Business Development - Political Risk Score
368 Business Development - Political Feasibility Score
369 Business Development - Compliance Burden Ratio
370 Investment - Total Addressable Market
371 Investment - Serviceable Accessible Market
372 Investment - Market Growth Rate
373 Investment - Future Growth
374 Investment - Market Composite Score
375 Investment – Competition Component Score
376 Investment - Analysis HHI Score
377 Investment - Market Share Score
378 Investment Analysis - Market Entry Score
379 Investment Analysis - Customer Acquisition Score
380 Investment Analysis - Price Sensitivity
381 Investment - Composite Market Viability Score
382 Investment - Composite Readiness Score
383 Investment - Leadership Effectiveness
384 Advanced Techniques‑ Simple Linear Regression Sales Forecast
385 Advanced Techniques – Logistic Regression Model
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